Parent Layer: Conservation Objectives Habitats

Name: Tidal Mudflats Sandflats

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Description: <metadata>http://www.isde.ie/#/6eb57c37-6356-41ed-be93-d275c87833e1</metadata> <keywords> life science, ecology</keywords> Intertidal mudflats and sandflats are submerged at high tide and exposed at low tide. They form a major component of 1130 Estuaries and 1160 Large shallow inlets and bays in the UK but also occur extensively along the open coast and in lagoonal inlets. The physical structure of the intertidal flats ranges from mobile, coarse-sand beaches on wave-exposed coasts to stable, fine-sediment mudflats in estuaries and other marine inlets. This habitat type can be divided into three broad categories (clean sands, muddy sands and muds), although in practice there is a continuous gradation between them. Within this range the plant and animal communities present vary according to the type of sediment, its stability and the salinity of the water. 1. Clean sands. These occur particularly on open coast beaches and in bays around the UK where wave action or strong tidal currents prevent the deposition of finer silt. Owing to the mobility of the sediment and consequent abrasion, species that inhabit clean sands tend to be robust and include amphipod crustaceans, such as sandhoppers Bathyporeia spp., some polychaete worms and certain bivalve molluscs. 2. Muddy sands. These occur particularly on more sheltered shores of the open coast and at the mouths of estuaries or behind barrier islands, where sediment conditions are relatively stable. A wide range of species, such as lugworm Arenicola marina, and other polychaete worms and bivalve molluscs, can colonise these sediments. Substantial beds of mussels Mytilus edulis may develop on the lower shore. Intertidal beds of eelgrass Zostera spp. may also occur. In estuaries, reduced salinity conditions may give rise to a variety of other communities. 3. Mudflats. These form in the most sheltered areas of the coast, usually where large quantities of silt derived from rivers are deposited in estuaries. The sediment is stable and communities are typically dominated by polychaete worms and bivalve molluscs and may support very high densities of the mud-snail Hydrobia ulvae. The high biomass of invertebrates in such sediments often provides an important food source for waders and wildfowl, such as common shelduck Tadorna tadorna, knot Calidris canuta and dunlin Calidris alpina.

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Copyright Text: National Parks and Wildlife Service

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